Documents
eHRAF is comprised of thousands of ethnographic sources including monographs, journal articles, dissertations and manuscripts. Use this page to find relevant documents by searching or filtering. Each document in eHRAF also contains a Publication Information page with added metadata including brief abstracts written by HRAF analysts who have subject-indexed the file.
Ceramics and community organization among the HohokamBook 2000 • Abbott, David R.
Hohokam • North America > Southwest and Basin
Abbott uses ceramic data to examine the social relationships of the Hohokam. Based on geological studies in the basin he is now able to examine the temper in a pot sherd and determine the source of the temper and therefore the area where the pot was ...A Report on the excavations of the Egyptian Antiquities Organization at Beni Amir and Gez. el-Masha'la in the Eastern Desertessay 1992 • Abd el-Hagg Ragab, Mohammed
Early Dynastic Egypt • Africa > Northern Africa
The findings from the earlier excavations at Beni 'Amir, now destroyed, and the more recent excavations from Tell el Masha'la are briefly described. Both sites contain cemeteries....Investigation of an obsidian midden at Cihuatecpan, Mexicoessay 1988 • Abrams, Elliot Marc
Central Mexico Postclassic • Middle America and the Caribbean > Central Mexico
In the course of conducting the settlement survey and excavation of structures and features at the Aztec village of Cihuatecpan in 1984, two dense concentrations of obsidian debitage were encountered, and one of these, designated Operation 8, was inv...Tradition summaryessay 2002 • Ackerman, Robert E.
Late Tundra • North America > Arctic and Subarctic
This is a summary of the Late Tundra archaeological tradition in Alaska....Mid-holocene occupation of interior southwest Alaskaessay 1987 • Ackerman, Robert E.
Late Tundra • North America > Arctic and Subarctic
Ackerman discusses the climatic and vegetational changes in southwest Alaska just before and after the start of the Holocene period. He also describes the material culture (lithic tools) of the mid-Holocene in southwest Alaska, with an emphasis on th...Ground Hog Bay, site 2essay 1996 • Ackerman, Robert E.
Late Tundra • North America > Arctic and Subarctic
Ackerman describes the site of Ground Hog Bay, site 2 and its research history. He also describes the stone tool assemblage found there (wedge-shaped, frontally fluted miroblade cores are considered the most diagnostic artifact type). Also discussed ...Earliest stone industries on the north Pacific coast of North Americaarticle 1992 • Ackerman, Robert E.
Late Tundra • North America > Arctic and Subarctic
Ackerman examines two distinct lithic technology complexes; the older southeast complex has frontally fluted, wedge-shaped microblade cores while the newer southwest complex (such as that found at Anangula Island) has conical blade/microblade cores. ...The Neolithic-Bronze Age cultures of Asia and the Norton phase of Alaskan prehistoryarticle 1982 • Ackerman, Robert E.
Norton • North America > Arctic and Subarctic
Ackerman summarizes the Norton phase archaeological assemblage that Giddings found at Iyatayet and discusses the distribution of Norton phase sites in Alaska. He then compares Norton and Choris phase house forms and ceramic traits with those in Asia ...La Malacofaunaessay 1980 • Acuña Hernández, José Daniel & Robeles Cuenca, Fernando
Impressed Ware • Europe > General Europe
This study is an analysis of the variety of mollusks found in the stratigraphic layers of sector J at the cave site of La Cova de l'Or in the Valencia region of Spain. The scientific binomial names of the mollusks found are given throughout the text....The fort cemetery at HierakonpolisBook 1987 • Adams, Barbara & Hoffman, Michael A.
Upper Egypt Predynastic • Africa > Northern Africa
Adams has published detailed grave records based on John Garstang's 1905 excavations of the Predynastic cemetery within the mudbrick 'Fort' at Heirakonpolis. To do so, she used his notebooks and records and contacted the various museums that had obje...Imports and influences in the Predynastic and Protodynastic settlement and funerary assemblages at Hierakonpolisessay 1992 • Adams, Barbara & Friedman, Reneé
Upper Egypt Predynastic • Africa > Northern Africa
Adams and Friedman discuss foreign influences and extra-regional imports found at Hierakonpolis. The majority of the paper concentrates on ceramic remains. '…[E]xtra-regional contact …can be defined in three ways: objects or raw materials brought int...Elite tombs at Hierakonpolisessay 1996 • Adams, Barbara
Early Dynastic Egypt • Africa > Northern Africa
This document covers the Predynastic period through the second dynasty. Only the data that pertain to the Protohistoric through the second dynasty were indexed for OCM (Outline of Cultural Materials) subjects. Barabara Adams describes the 1979 -1985 ...Changing form and function in Western Pueblo ceremonial architecture from A.D. 1000 to A.D. 1500essay 1989 • Adams, E. Charles
Early Anasazi • North America > Southwest and Basin
The goals of this paper are to analyze and interpret changes in kiva form and village layout at sites occupied by prehistoric people in northeastern Arizona. Between AD 1000 and 1500, kivas changed from circular to D-shaped or rectangular forms. Deve...The Pueblo III - Pueblo IV transition in the Hopi area, Arizonaessay 1996 • Adams, E. Charles
Early Anasazi • North America > Southwest and Basin
Adams explores the changes that occurred in the Hopi area during the Pueblo III to Pueblo IV period. Only the data that pertain to the Pueblo III period were marked for Outline of Cultural Materials codes. He describes the changes that occurred in th...The origin and development of the Pueblo Katsina cultBook 1991 • Adams, E. Charles
Late Anasazi • North America > Southwest and Basin
Adams writes, "This book is a study of the concept of katsina and the Pueblo religion that has developed around this concept. … The focus of this book is more properly on defining what makes katsinas unique, why this concept was developed, and what a...The Pueblo III - Pueblo IV transition in the Hopi area, Arizonaessay 1996 • Adams, E. Charles
Late Anasazi • North America > Southwest and Basin
Adams explores the changes that occurred in the Hopi area during the Pueblo III to Pueblo IV period. Only the data that pertain to the Pueblo IV period were marked for Outline of Cultural Materials codes. He describes the changes that occurred in the...The origins of civilization in the Maya lowlandsessay 1977 • Adams, Richard E. W. & Culbert, T. Patrick
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
This is the introductory chapter to 'The Origins of Maya Civilization,' which includes documents 29-40. Adams and Culbert provide a definition of lowland Maya civilization and review the theories regarding its origin and rise. They also include a rev...Rio Bec archaeology and the rise of Maya civilizationessay 1977 • Adams, Richard E. W.
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
In this chapter Adams examines the archeology of sites in the Becan-Chicanna-Xpujil region. There are two major cereamic complexes: Acachen (600-300 B.C.) and Pakluum (300 B.C.-250 A.D.) Extensive architectural features stem from the later period inc...Concluding remarksessay 1989 • Adams, Robert McCormick et al.
Ubaid • Middle East > Middle East
These concluding remarks by Adams and Wright presents a brief summary and evaluation of the various papers presented at the 'Ubaid symposium held at Elsinore, Denmark, from May 30th to June 1st, 1988 (eHRAF documents in this collection). Additional s...Configurations of settlementessay 1972 • Adams, Robert McCormick
Late Chalcolithic Mesopotamia • Middle East > Middle East
This document is essentially a study of settlement and urbanization patterns of the early and late Uruk cultures in the Warka region of Iraq during the Late Chalcolithic Mesopotamian period (6000-5100 BP). Data relevant to other archaeological tradit...Catalog of surveyed sitesessay 1972 • Adams, Robert McCormick
Late Chalcolithic Mesopotamia • Middle East > Middle East
This article consists of a catalog of surveyed sites prepared as an appendix to the author's major work in the eHRAF collection on the Late Chalcolithic Mesopotamian period (see Adams, 1972, no. 9). Numbered references in this catalog refer to site r...Heartland of citiesbook chapter 1981 • Adams, Robert McCormick
Early Dynastic Mesopotamia • Middle East > Middle East
Adams describes the Mesopotamian environment, his surface survey, and its results in this pivitol study on the settlement patterns in Mesopotamia and the Diyala region. Adams' book describes settlements and traces some of the ancient canals and river...Population aggregation and the Anasazi social landscapeessay 1994 • Adler, Michael A.
Early Anasazi • North America > Southwest and Basin
Adler looks at changes in residential groups during the 400 years the Anasazi were developing large aggregated settlements. Adler argues that population aggregation is associated with changes in the degree of resource scarcity, especially arable land...Ritual facilities and social integration in nonranked societiesessay 1989 • Adler, Michael A.
Early Anasazi • North America > Southwest and Basin
Adler examines kivas as integrative facilities used by a community to reduce scalar stress. When communities are smaller the kiva use-group is smaller and there are fewer restrictions on who may use the facility and on how the facility is used. In ot...'The great period'essay 1996 • Adler, Michael A.
Early Anasazi • North America > Southwest and Basin
Adler introduces the papers in this volume and the purpose behind the conference known as the 'Pueblo III conference.' The conference explored 'The extent to which historic Pueblo architectural and settlement patterns emerged during the Pueblo III pe...