Documents
eHRAF is comprised of thousands of ethnographic sources including monographs, journal articles, dissertations and manuscripts. Use this page to find relevant documents by searching or filtering. Each document in eHRAF also contains a Publication Information page with added metadata including brief abstracts written by HRAF analysts who have subject-indexed the file.
Tentative chronological phases for the Oaxaca preceramicessay 2003 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Flannery distills the evidence for chronological ordering of the Oaxaca Archaic sites, including comparisons of diagnostic projectile point types. Only the Naquitz phase is relevant to this file (Early Mesoamerican Archaic NY30)....Settlement, subsistence, and social organization of the Proto-Otomangueansessay 2003 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Drawing from the site and environmental survey data, Flannery discusses the probable settlement and subsistence strategy during the Oaxaca Archaic. By extension, he also speculates on social organization and population trends. A good culture summary,...Referencesessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
This is the bibliography for Documents 14-47, from the volume Guilá Naquitz, edited by Flannery....The research problemessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
In this introduction to the volume, Flannery comments on evidence for plant domestication from a largely theoretical perspective. This is in part due to the fact that the evidence for Archaic period maize domestication at Guilá Naquitz is debatable. ...Ecosystem models and information flow in the Tehuacán-Oaxaca regionessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
In this chapter, Flannery provides supplies the theoretical framework for and summarizes the organization of the volume. This differs from the theoretical orientation in Document 14 in that it places greater emphasis on local, seasonal environmental ...Guilá Naquitz in spatial, temporal, and cultural contextessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
In this third ”introductory“ chapter, Flannery focuses in on the hard data used to model subsistence strategies, starting with an overview of the topography, geology, flora, and climate of the Oaxaca Valley, concentrating on the eastern portion of th...Ground-stone artifactsessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Completing the portion of the volume concerning lithic artifacts (also see Documents 19 and 20), Flannery documents the 21 ground stone tools and tool fragments excavated at Guilá Naquitz Cave. There are some functional interpretations, largely about...Artifacts of wood and related materialsessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Flannery describes the identifiable tools, weapons, fragments of worked wood and related forest products (e.g. gum) excavated from Guilá Naquitz Cave. Major categories include fire drills (for starting fires), possible atlatl (spear thrower) hafting ...Woods used as fuelsessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Flannery identifies the woods used to fuel fires in Guilá Naquitz Cave. Although nearly all specimens are from stratigraphic zones D and E, prior to the Late Archaic zones C and B pertinent to this file (NY30), the data are not culturally diagnostic ...Artifacts of deer antleressay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Flannery describes modified and/or utilized antler artifacts from Guilá Naquitz Cave. All five may not have been used as tools, but those that were probably served as pressure flakers for chipped stone tool manufacture. Only the three artifacts from ...Radiocarbon datesessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Flannery reviews the radiocarbon dates for Guilá Naquitz Cave, settling upon a range of 10750 B.P. to 8670 B.P. for the Naquitz phase. Only dates for stratigraphic zones C and B fall within the range of the Early Archaic covered in this file (Early M...The quantification of subsistence dataessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Flannery comments on depositional and post-depositional patterns at Guilá Naquitz Cave, assessing the data as a preview to the analyses of food remains and diet detailed in the following seven chapters (Documents 31-37). Issues are addressed concerni...Wild food resources of the Mitla Cavesessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Results of botanical surveys of the eastern Valley of Oaxaca undertaken between 1966-1976 are summarized for the purpose of comparison to archaeological foodstuffs from Guilá Naquitz Cave in order to better reconstruct procurement strategies. Flanner...Food procurement area and preceramic diet at Guilá Naquitzessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
In this summary of the dietary evidence from Guilá Naquitz Cave, Flannery organizes the data by stratigraphic level, providing a basis for discussion of changes in subsistence strategy through time. Only the data for stratigraphic zones C and B perta...Spatial analysis of Guilá Naquitz living floorsessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
In this preview to the following series of chapters in which statistical analysis are performed to delineate activity areas within each living floor in Guilá Naquitz Cave (Documents 39-42), Flannery establishes principles for the interpretation of ar...Episodal analysis of Guilá Naquitzessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Referring to the results in Documents 39-41, Flannery reconstructs the sequence of regular events or episodes involved in the formation of each living floor. Particular attention is given to: reasons for seasonal occupation; special purpose areas wit...The modeling of foraging strategyessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
This chapter is a preview of the computer modeling of subsistence strategies performed in Document 44. Flannery supplies the rationale behind optimal foraging theory and linear programming....Adaptation, evolution, and archaeological phasesessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Flannery ponders the implications of Reynolds computer simulation in Document 44, addressing the development of agriculture and culture change in general on a largely theoretical level, from a functional/adaptive perspective. There are scant referenc...A Visit to the masteressay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
This contains Flannerys theoretical musings on the scientific method in archaeology, structured as a conversation with his imaginary alter ego, a parody of Carlos Castanedas notorious Yaqui shaman, Don Juan. There are short recapitulations of what mi...Referencesessay 2003 • Flannery, Kent V. & Marcus, Joyce
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
This is the bibliography for Documents 5-11, from the volume 'The Cloud People,' edited by Flannery and Marcus....The common origin of the Mixtec and Zapotecessay 2003 • Flannery, Kent V. & Marcus, Joyce
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
The editors, Flannery and Marcus, preview the volume with a brief discussion of the probability of an Archaic Period proto-Otomanguean language group in the Valley of Oaxaca ancestral to the modern Mixtec and Zapotec....Excavated sites of the Oaxaca preceramicessay 2003 • Flannery, Kent V. & Spores, Ronald
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Flannery and Spores give an overview of the cave, rock shelter and open air sites pertaining to the Oaxaca Archaic, emphasizing natural setting, stratigraphy and dating, with brief mention of important finds. The only sites relevant to this file (Ear...Comparing the preceramic and modern microfaunaessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V. & Wheeler, Jane C.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
Flannery and Wheeler discuss the small fauna remains in Guilá Naquitz Cave, previewed by an examination of the contents of modern owl pellets from a nearby cave. They suggest a natural deposition of such remains in archaeological strata, with comment...Animal food remains from preceramic Guilá Naquitzessay 1986 • Flannery, Kent V. & Wheeler, Jane C.
Early Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
This summation of faunal remains from Guilá Naquitz Cave includes interpretations of hunting strategies and seasonal availability of game. Flannery and Wheeler also discuss butchering practices and the distribution of waste on living floors. Only the...The Preceramic and Formative of the Oaxacaessay 1981 • Flannery, Kent V. et al.
Highland Mesoamerican Archaic • Middle America and the Caribbean > General Middle America and the Caribbean
This paper presents a synopsis of the preceramic (Archaic) period in the Valley of Oaxaca, essentially encompassing three historical phases: the Jicaras (5000-4000 BC); Blanca (3300-2800 BC); and Martinez (±2000 BC). Cultural data for the Archaic dea...