Documents
eHRAF is comprised of thousands of ethnographic sources including monographs, journal articles, dissertations and manuscripts. Use this page to find relevant documents by searching or filtering. Each document in eHRAF also contains a Publication Information page with added metadata including brief abstracts written by HRAF analysts who have subject-indexed the file.
Preclassic Maya civilizationessay 1992 • Hammond, Norman
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
Hammond notes that the lowland Maya area of Mesoamerica has been occupied by people for perhaps 10,000 years before the emergence of Classic Maya civilization and there is a strong possibility that these early inhabitants were the direct ancestors of...Ex oriente luxessay 1977 • Hammond, Norman
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
In this chapter Hammond looks at the Maya data in Northern Belize, paying special attention to the Preclassic-Classic transition. The Corozal Project has excavated eight sites out of 60 surveyed. The chronology of Preclassic ceramic complexes are as ...The Maya and their civilizationessay 1991 • Hammond, Norman
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
This is the introduction to the anthology, 'Cuello: An Early Maya Community in Belize.' Hammond discusses the geology of the lowlands, early Mayan settlement and subsistence patterns, and political organization. In the last 30 years, researchers have...Cuello consideredessay 1991 • Hammond, Norman
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
This is the summary and concluding chapter for the book 'Cuello: An Early Maya Community in Belize' (see documents, nos. 41-50.) Although Cuello was a small site and marginal community in the lowland Mayan Preclassic, it does provide a long developme...Lubaantun, a classic Maya realmbook chapter 1975 • Hammond, Norman
Classic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
This work presents the results of fieldwork in the South Toledo District of Belize during the period of 1970-1971, with a focus on the site of Lubaanatun where most of the excavation and mapping work were carried out. A number of other sites were als...Archaeological investigations at Cuello, 1975-1987essay 1991 • Hammond, Norman et al.
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
Hammond discusses the research plan and methods employed at the Cuello site from 1975-1987. Cuello is a 'large minor ceremonial center' discovered during the 1973-1974 Corozal Project survey. In 1975, 1976, and 1980 the Cuello site was mapped and 200...Stratigraphy and chronology in the reconstruction of Preclassic developments at Cuelloessay 1991 • Hammond, Norman et al.
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
This is a detailed report on the stratigraphy of Cuello, including building chronology, ceramic evidence, and radiocarbon dates for each of 21 phases and subphases. The report includes a 'floor plan' of each phase, architectural illustrations of each...The community of Cuelloessay 1991 • Gerhardt, Juliette Cartwright & Hammond, Norman
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
This is a report on the excavation of the main trenches at Cuello, which reveal an earlier domestic and later ceremonial period of architectural development. The excavations uncovered altogether 19 house platforms, nine ancillary domestic platforms, ...External contacts and trade at Cuelloessay 1991 • McSwain, Rebecca et al.
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
This report examines the exogenous source of raw materials used in Cuello artifacts and considers possible trade patterns. Specifically the authors examine the sources of chert, ceramics, ground stone, obsidian, jade, and greenstone. A nearby site, C...Ritual and ideologyessay 1991 • Robin, Cynthia et al.
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
In this three-part report, the authors examine burial customs, dedicatory caches and iconography at the Cuello site. Robin and Hammond examine the funerary patterns in the 142 burials at Cuello between the 1200 B.C.-250 A.D., and consider the social,...Craft technology and productionessay 1991 • McSwain, Rebecca et al.
Preclassic Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
This is a report in three parts on the typology and chronology of the i) lithic tools, ii) ceramics, and iii) ceramic, bone, stone, and shell artifacts from Cuello. The researchers also examine the source of the lithic material and site of manufactur...