Implications of Andean verticality in the evolution of political complexity
essay 1987 Hastings, Charles M.

Andean Regional StatesSouth America > Central Andes
In this chapter from the book, 'The Origins and Development of the Andean State', Hastings argues that the fit between vertical ecology (verticality) and ethnicity in some Andean areas produced a durable and adaptable system that resisted state forma...

The Late Intermediate Period
essay 1988 Parsons, Jeffrey R. & Hastings, Charles M.

Andean Regional StatesSouth America > Central Andes
Parsons and Hastings review the archaeology of four regions of Peru for the Late Intermediate Period: '1) the Chimu domain on the North Coast; 2) the Upper Mantaro-Tarma drainage in the Central Sierra; 3) the Chillon-Rimac-Lurin valleys on the Centra...