Documents
eHRAF is comprised of thousands of ethnographic sources including monographs, journal articles, dissertations and manuscripts. Use this page to find relevant documents by searching or filtering. Each document in eHRAF also contains a Publication Information page with added metadata including brief abstracts written by HRAF analysts who have subject-indexed the file.
Ancestor worshiparticle 2000 • Liu, Li
Middle-Upper Yellow River Middle Neolithic • Asia > East Asia
This document examines the archaeological evidence for ritual activities and for differences in burials from four Neolithic cemetery sites in the Yellow River valley (the Chengzi site dates to the following tradition). The author is interested in evi...Mortuary ritual and social hierarchy in the Longshan culturearticle 1996 • Liu, Li
Yellow River Late Neolithic • Asia > East Asia
Through analysis of the findings from four Longshan cemeteries, this document examines how burial patterns reflect social stratification, kinship relationships, and spatial organization. Burials are ranked according to number and kind of artifacts (s...Settlement patterns, chiefdom variability, and the development of early states in north Chinaarticle 1996 • Liu, Li
Yellow River Late Neolithic • Asia > East Asia
Regional survey data from archaeological reports are used to test models of settlement patterns that might lead to early states. The author compares different regions’ settlement patterns, including the existence of walled sites, settlement hierarchy...The Chinese NeolithicBook 2004 • Liu, Li
Yellow River Late Neolithic • Asia > East Asia
This document is an expansion of a dissertation on the settlement patterns of the Longshan phase and fieldwork at the site of Kangjia, Lintong, Shaanxi. An exploration of potential contributing factors in the rise of the earliest Chinese states (Erli...Foragers and collectors in the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (24,000-9000 CAL. BP)book chapter 2012 • Liu, Li & Chen, Xingcan
North China Upper Paleolithic • Asia > East Asia
The authors are interested in the technological and ecological transitions needed for people to change from foraging to collecting economies, or Neolithization of archaeological assemblages. They examine Late Pleistocene to Holocene sites throughout ...Neolithizationbook chapter 2012 • Liu, Li & Chen, Xingcan
Yellow River Early Neolithic • Asia > East Asia
The authors discuss twelve Early Neolithic subcultures in the eastern half of China, providing summaries of each, focusing on the level of sedentism and on subsistence modes, including the use of domesticates. Only the cultures located in North China...Emergence of social inequalitybook chapter 2012 • Liu, Li & Chen, Xingcan
Middle-Upper Yellow River Middle Neolithic • Asia > East Asia
The authors provide an overview of a number of middle Neolithic cultural phases in eastern China (Hongshan, Beixin, Dawenkou, Yangshao, Daxi, Hemudu, Majiabang), and several from southeastern coastal China and Taiwan. They discuss changes in settleme...Rise and fall of early complex societiesbook chapter 2012 • Liu, Li & Chen, Xingcan
Yellow River Late Neolithic • Asia > East Asia
This survey of the Late Neolithic in China provides overviews of sites and regional subtraditions in the Yellow and Yangzi River valleys, where the greatest changes occurred, as well as brief descriptions of cultures in the remainder of country, many...Bronze cultures of the northern frontiers and beyond during the early second millenium BCbook chapter 2012 • Liu, Li & Chen, Xingcan
Yellow River Late Neolithic • Asia > East Asia
This document ranges widely, but includes relevant information on the Qijia subtradition in the Upper Yellow River region from 4200-3600 BP. The authors provide information on its location and time span, the physical environment, subsistence and sett...Formation of early states in the central plainbook chapter 2012 • Liu, Li & Chen, Xingcan
Yellow River Bronze Age • Asia > East Asia
China independently developed one of the earliest state societies in the world, and has a long tradition of recording historical events, such as dynastic succession. The authors use archaeological and written evidence, informed by anthropological the...The late Shang Dynasty and its neighbors (1250 - 1046 BC)book chapter 2012 • Liu, Li & Chen, Xingcan
Yellow River Bronze Age • Asia > East Asia
Using archaeological evidence, various inscriptions, and traditional documentary records, this document describes the Shang territory in an effort to understand interregional relationships. The Shang core area needed raw materials from neighboring po...What did the grinding stones grind?article 2010 • Liu, Li et al.
Yellow River Early Neolithic • Asia > East Asia
Grinding tools from two Peiligang subtradition sites were analyzed for evidence of what plants were processed using them, through examination of use-wear and starch residues....