article
Complex hunter-gatherer-fishers of prehistoric California: Chiefs, specialists, and maritime adaptations of the Channel Islands
American antiquity • 57 (1) • Published In 1992 • Pages: 60-84
By: Arnold, Jeanne E..
AbstractBrief abstract written by HRAF anthropologists who have done the subject indexing for the document
Arnold presents an overview on the Santa Cruz Island Chumash and proposes a model of the development of a simple chiefdom society on the Santa Barbara Channel Islands and presents evidence to support it. Arnold believes there was a population-natural resource imbalance due to severe climatic changes circa 850 B.P. - 750 B.P. (1150-1250 A.D.). This caused food shortages which were offset by intensifiying trade. (The Chumash plank canoe was able to transport up to two tons of goods and could be used for fishing.) This lead rising elites to gain control of certain natural resources, such as chert quarry sites, microblade and bead production, and canoe production and operation to insure they had materials and means to trade.
- SubjectsDocument-level OCM identifiers given by the anthropology subject indexers at HRAF
- Theoretical orientation in research and its results
- Climate
- Fauna
- Prehistory
- Diet
- Ornament
- General tools
- Chronologies and culture sequences
- traditionCulture name from the Outline of World Cultures (OWC)
- Late Southern California
- HRAF PubDateThe date HRAF published the document
- 2000
- RegionThe area the document pertains to
- North America
- Sub RegionThe more specific area the document pertains to, which is located within the Region
- Northwest Coast and California
- Document TypeMay include journal articles, essays, collections of essays, monographs, or chapters/parts of monographs
- article
- Evaluation
- Creator TypeThe type of person writing the document, e.g. Ethnographer, Missionary, Archaeologist, Folklorist, Linguist, Indigenous Person, and so on.
- Archaeologist
- Document Rating A ranking done by HRAF anthropologists based on the strength of the source material on a scale of 1 to 5, as follows: 1 - poor; 2 - fair; 3 - good, useful data, but not uniformly excellent; 4 - excellent secondary data; 5 - excellent primary data.
- 4: Excellent Secondary Data
- 5: Excellent Primary Data
- AnalystThe HRAF anthropologist who subject indexed the document and prepared other materials for the eHRAF culture/tradition collection
- Sarah Berry ; 1998
- Field DateThe date the researcher conducted the fieldwork or archival research that produced the document
- not specified
- Coverage DateThe date or dates that the information in the document pertains to
- 1500 BP - 218 BP (500-1782 A.D.)
- Coverage PlaceLocation of the research culture or tradition (often a smaller unit such as a band, community, or archaeological site)
- Santa Cruz Island, Calif., United States
- NotesAdditional notes
- Jeanne E. Arnold
- Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-84)
- LCCNLibrary of Congress Control Number
- 46036122
- LCSHLibrary of Congress Subject Headings
- California--Antiquities