eHRAF Archaeology

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The Protohistoric Egypt tradition extends from 4575 BP to 3552 BP, from the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom through the Second Intermediate Period. Protohistoric Egyptians lived in the Nile valley of Egypt with colonies in northern Sudan. The powerful state society had a political-religious hierarchy, a complex bureaucracy dependent on a literate elite, and, by the Middle Kingdom, a standing army.

Egypt to the end of the Old Kingdom

Tradition summary

Abydos in the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period

Abdyos in the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period

The spatial structure of Kom el-Hisn

Elephantine in the Old Kingdom

Dendera in the third millennium B.C., down to the Theban domination of upper Egypt

Culture history and cultural ecology at Heirakonpolis from paleolithic times to the Old Kingdom

Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period c. 2686-1552 BC

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Aldred, Cyril	Egypt to the end of the Old Kingdom	1992
Berry, Sarah H. (Archaeologist)	Tradition summary	2006
Brovarski, Edward	Abydos in the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period	1994
Brovarski, Edward	Abdyos in the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period	1994
Cagle, Anthony	The spatial structure of Kom el-Hisn	2003
El-Dissouky, Khalid Taha	Elephantine in the Old Kingdom	2004
Fischer, Henry George	Dendera in the third millennium B.C., down to the Theban domination of upper Egypt	1968
Hoffman, Michael A.	Culture history and cultural ecology at Heirakonpolis from paleolithic times to the Old Kingdom	2004
Kemp, Barry J.	Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period c. 2686-1552 BC	1983

Protohistoric Egypt

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