eHRAF Archaeology

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Iranian Bronze Age is represented by scattered urban and village settlements in eastern and southeastern Iran between 5000 and 3500 BP. Some cities were quite large, such as Shahr-i Sokhta, which had an estimated population of 20,000 in the 5th millennium. Inhabitants were primarily sedentary agriculturalists, others practiced a nomadic pastoral tradition. The presence of craft specialization and trade suggest possible class division. The period shows a shift from stone tools and weapons to those made of copper and bronze. The presence of cylinder and stamp seals with a form of pictographic writing called Proto-Elamite is diagnostic for this time period.

Tradition summary

Excavations at Bampur, a third millennium settlement in Persian Baluchistan, 1966

Tappeh Hesar

The Proto-Elamite settlement of Tepe Yahya

Tradition and transformation

Excavations at Tepe Hissar, Damghan

Prehistoric Sistan

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Beierle, John	Tradition summary	1999
De Cardi, Beatrice	Excavations at Bampur, a third millennium settlement in Persian Baluchistan, 1966	1970
Dyson, Robert H.	Tappeh Hesar	1989
Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C.	The Proto-Elamite settlement of Tepe Yahya	1971
Potts, Daniel T.	Tradition and transformation	1997
Schmidt, Erich Friedrich	Excavations at Tepe Hissar, Damghan	1937
Tosi, Maurizio	Prehistoric Sistan	1983

Iranian Bronze Age

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