eHRAF Archaeology

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Highland Andean Formative is found in the Andean region from Ecuador to Chile between 3500 and 2200 BP.  It marks the first appearance of ceramics in the region. The variety of ceramic and housing substyles suggest discrete autonomous polities.  An agro-pastoral based economy supported village and hamlet-sized settlements.  Presence of ceremonial centers suggests religious and political specialization, and some ranking or stratification. The Chavín tradition emerges midway through the phase.

Tradition summary

Some early sites in the northern lake Titicaca basin

The Formative Period

The Initial Period and Early Horizon

Excavations at Camata

Excavations at Huacaloma in the Cajamarca valley, Peru, 1979

The formative period in the Cajamarca Basin, Peru

Early ceremonial architecture in the Cajamarca valley

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Browman, David	Tradition summary	2003
Kidder, Alfred	Some early sites in the northern lake Titicaca basin	1943
Lumbreras, Luis Guillermo	The Formative Period	1974
Moseley, Michael Edward	The Initial Period and Early Horizon	1992
Steadman, Lee	Excavations at Camata	2001
Terada, Kazuo	Excavations at Huacaloma in the Cajamarca valley, Peru, 1979	1982
Terada, Kazuo	The formative period in the Cajamarca Basin, Peru	1985
Terada, Kazuo	Early ceremonial architecture in the Cajamarca valley	1985

Highland Andean Formative

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