eHRAF Archaeology

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The Yellow River Bronze Age occurred from 3900–3050 BP in the lower, middle, and upper reaches of the Yellow River basin and the central Yangtze River basin of China. The people were sedentary intensive agriculturalists, relying on millet, wheat, or rice (depending on local conditions), with meat from livestock, and fish. They lived in a state society with a four-tiered settlement hierarchy; the territory controlled by any one polity shifted over time and was not necessarily contiguous. The Shang dynasty was the most well-known and centrally-located polity. Warfare was common. Writing began, found on oracle bones and ritual bronze objects. Ancestor worship was practiced.

Tradition Summary

The Qijia culture of the upper Yellow River valley

The eastern territories of the Shang and western Zhou

Recent discoveries and some thoughts on early urbanization at Anyang

Archaeology of Shanxi during the Yinxu Period

Formation of early states in the central plain

The late Shang Dynasty and its neighbors (1250 - 1046 BC)

The Erlitou culture

The discovery and study of the early Shang culture

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Berry, Sarah H. (Archaeologist)	Tradition Summary	2021
Chen, Honghai	The Qijia culture of the upper Yellow River valley	2013
Fang, Hui	The eastern territories of the Shang and western Zhou	2013
Jing, Zhichun	Recent discoveries and some thoughts on early urbanization at Anyang	2013
Li, Yung-ti	Archaeology of Shanxi during the Yinxu Period	2013
Liu, Li	Formation of early states in the central plain	2012
Liu, Li	The late Shang Dynasty and its neighbors (1250 - 1046 BC)	2012
Xu, Hong	The Erlitou culture	2013
Yuan, Guangkuo	The discovery and study of the early Shang culture	2013