eHRAF Archaeology

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The Norton tradition follows the Arctic Small Tool tradition and generally precedes the Thule tradition. The people of this tradition lived on the coast and coastal hinterland and some major river valleys and lakes of Alaska from the Alaska Peninsula on the south to Point Barrow on the north, with a scattered presence eastward to the Mackenzie River mouth in northwest Canada. The time frame for this tradition is 3000-1000 BP (1000 BC - 1000 AD). The Norton people were foragers subsisting primarily on seals, caribou and fish. Some settlements were permanent, particularly in northern areas located on lakes, but most inland sites had seasonal camps. The Norton tradition is noted for the earliest use of lip ornaments or labrets.

The Neolithic-Bronze  Age cultures of Asia and the Norton phase of Alaskan prehistory

Chronology of the Kotzebue Sound  sites

From just beyond the southern fringe

Hahanudan Lake

Trends and traditions in Alaskan prehistory

Tradition summary

Aspects of time and space

Brooks River Falls phase

Brooks River Weir phase

Smelt Creek phase

The Norton Tradition

Old Whalers

Later Arctic times

Sites of the Norton culture

The sites

Norton influence in the Alaskan hinterland

An artifactual comparison of finds of Norton and related cultures

Ipiutak and the Arctic whale hunting culture

Population pressure and climate as dynamics within the Arctic Small Tool tradition of Alaska

The Norton period of Nunivak Island

Norton

The archaeology of the Manokinak site

The Norton interaction sphere

The expansion and survival of the Norton tradition on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta

Beyond the southern frontier

Africa

Asia

Europe

Middle America and the Caribbean

Middle East

New World

North America

Oceania

South America

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Ackerman, Robert E.	The Neolithic-Bronze Age cultures of Asia and the Norton phase of Alaskan prehistory	1982
Anderson, Douglas D.	Chronology of the Kotzebue Sound sites	1986
Clark, Donald Woodforde	From just beyond the southern fringe	1982
Clark, Donald Woodforde	Hahanudan Lake	1977
Dumond, Don E.	Trends and traditions in Alaskan prehistory	1982
Dumond, Don E.	Tradition summary	1999
Dumond, Don E.	Aspects of time and space	1981
Dumond, Don E.	Brooks River Falls phase	1981
Dumond, Don E.	Brooks River Weir phase	1981
Dumond, Don E.	Smelt Creek phase	1981
Dumond, Don E.	The Norton Tradition	No publication date
Giddings, J. Louis (James Louis)	Old Whalers	1986
Giddings, J. Louis (James Louis)	Later Arctic times	1986
Giddings, J. Louis (James Louis)	Sites of the Norton culture	1964
Giddings, J. Louis (James Louis)	The sites	1986
Holmes, Charles E.	Norton influence in the Alaskan hinterland	1982
Larsen, Helge Eyvin	An artifactual comparison of finds of Norton and related cultures	1982
Larsen, Helge Eyvin	Ipiutak and the Arctic whale hunting culture	1948
Lutz, Bruce J.	Population pressure and climate as dynamics within the Arctic Small Tool tradition of Alaska	1982
Nowak, Michael	The Norton period of Nunivak Island	1982
Reger, Douglas R.	Norton	1982
Shaw, Robert Dane	The archaeology of the Manokinak site	1997
Shaw, Robert Dane	The Norton interaction sphere	1982
Shaw, Robert Dane	The expansion and survival of the Norton tradition on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta	1982
Workman, William B.	Beyond the southern frontier	1982

Norton

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