eHRAF Archaeology

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The Coastal Andean Early Formative tradition is located along the Pacific coast of Peru from southern Ecuador in the north to northern Chile in the south from 4100/3800–3000 BP (2100/1800–1000 BC). The start of the tradition is defined by the introduction of ceramics, and ceramics came into use at different times in different areas: before 5500 BP (3500 BC) in Ecuador, circa 3800 BP (1800 BC) in northern and central Peru and circa 3400–3200 BP (1400–1200 BC) in northern Chile. The people were sedentary and there was a settlement hierarchy with civic/ceremonial centers containing monumental architecture, farming villages along river valleys where irrigation agriculture was possible, and fishing villages along the coastline; inland farmers exchanged vegetable products with coastal dwellers for marine resources. Site sizes and hierarchy may variously indicate chiefdoms or emerging states.

The second season of investigations at the Initial Period center of Cardal, Peru

The Initial Period societies on the coast

The architecture of Huaca los Reyes

References cited

The Formative period

The formative site of Las Haldas, Peru

The Initial Period and Early Horizon

The exploration and explanation of early monumental architecture in the Andes

The Huaca La Florida, Rimac Valley, Peru

An early subsistence exchange system in the Moche Valley, Peru

Recent excavations at Pampa de las Llamas-Moxeke

Early civilization in the Casma Valley, Peru

Theocracy vs. militarism

Tradition Summary

Early complex society and ceremonialism on the Peruvian north coast

Caballo muerto

Chavin, the early horizon and the initial period

Temple, palais ou entrepot?

Early social stratification and subsistence systems

Early monumental architecture of the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru

New evidence on Cerro Sechin, Casma Valley, Peru

A scheme for the early monumental architecture of the central coast of Peru

Africa

Asia

Europe

Middle America and the Caribbean

Middle East

New World

North America

Oceania

South America

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Burger, Richard L.	The second season of investigations at the Initial Period center of Cardal, Peru	1991
Burger, Richard L.	The Initial Period societies on the coast	1995
Conklin, William J.	The architecture of Huaca los Reyes	1985
Haas, Jonathan	References cited	1987
Lumbreras, Luis Guillermo	The Formative period	1974
Matsuzawa, Tsugio	The formative site of Las Haldas, Peru	1978
Moseley, Michael Edward	The Initial Period and Early Horizon	1992
Moseley, Michael Edward	The exploration and explanation of early monumental architecture in the Andes	1985
Patterson, Thomas C. (Thomas Carl)	The Huaca La Florida, Rimac Valley, Peru	1985
Pozorski, Shelia Griffis	An early subsistence exchange system in the Moche Valley, Peru	1979
Pozorski, Shelia Griffis	Recent excavations at Pampa de las Llamas-Moxeke	1986
Pozorski, Shelia Griffis	Early civilization in the Casma Valley, Peru	1992
Pozorski, Shelia Griffis	Theocracy vs. militarism	1987
Pozorski, Shelia Griffis	Tradition Summary	2014
Pozorski, Thomas George	Early complex society and ceremonialism on the Peruvian north coast	1993
Pozorski, Thomas George	Caballo muerto	2012
Pozorski, Thomas George	Chavin, the early horizon and the initial period	1987
Pozorski, Thomas George	Temple, palais ou entrepot?	1999
Pozorski, Thomas George	Early social stratification and subsistence systems	2010
Ravines, Rogger	Early monumental architecture of the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru	1985
Samaniego, Lorenzo	New evidence on Cerro Sechin, Casma Valley, Peru	1985
Williams León, Carlos	A scheme for the early monumental architecture of the central coast of Peru	1985

Coastal Andean Early Formative

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